Whenever a player attacks you, they must declare targets that add an even total (2, 4, etc) of to your defense pool.
A: Nope, Giant Python specifies that it only counts defense dice added by declaring targets, which the Oathkeeper bonus and battle plans are not.
A: Sites now add two dice each, so it would be legal to target one site alone. However, you could not target one site and a relic that added one defense die, as this would be a total of three added defense dice.
A: If the Chancellor has it, it takes effect, since they are always an Ally. If a Citizen has it, it does not take effect, since targets were already declared.